![]() Bowing is the broad technique of how the bow is drawn across the string. Naturally, the downbow and upbow nomenclature comes from the general direction of the bow from the perspective of the player. The bow is drawn across the string in two ways, either from the frog to the tip, called a downbow, or from the tip to the frog, an upbow. We will discuss the fingering implications of multiple stops later. While somewhat limited, this effect is very useful in solo literature and louder ensemble passages where extra force is needed. Generally, triple and quadruple stops require a slight arpeggiation of the notes for them to all sound along with a great amount of force to make them sound at the same time. In the diagram above, it is clear that one could not draw the bow against three strings at any given time because it would put too much pressure on the bow and middle string. Three and four notes can also be struck, but not sustained because of the curvature of the bridge. The strings can play two notes at a time on adjacent strings sustained. Playing more than one string at a time is called double stopping which belongs to the family of multiple stops. Rapid alterations of outer strings should thus be avoided. The further apart the strings are, the greater the angle the bow needs to change, thus increasing the movement of the arm further slowing down the process. Crossing strings, however, is more difficult not touching the middle string with the bow is difficult when one needs to move rapidly from two outer strings. The bow can change from string to string relatively simply, especially if the strings are adjacent. Given that there are four strings, and three combinations of two strings, there are seven possible positions for the bow to draw across strings. ![]() If the bow was adjusted slightly downward it could be drawn across the A and D strings like so. Here the angle of the bow would stroke only the A string. ![]() See the diagram of a typical strings bridge to the right. The bridge, being curved, gives each string a distinct place within space allowing for each string to be sounded individually. Depending on the angle of the bow, it can stroke against any string or a combination of strings. The right hand holds the bow and is manipulated across the strings to produce sound. ![]()
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